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Kaiser Wilhelm, Bismarck, WW I

Posted: Sun Jun 16, 2019 3:33 pm
by Firestarter
I’ve been looking for information on Knight of the Garter (KG) since 1877 Kaiser of Germany Wilhelm II...
He was (another) grandchild of Queen Victoria of Britain and related to many monarchs and princes of Europe, including his cousins King George V of the UK, Queen Marie of Romania, Maud of Norway, Victoria Eugenie of Spain and Empress Alexandra of Russia.

In 1889, Wilhelm secured the sale of German-made rifles to the Ottoman Army.

In the late 1890s, after the Kaiser had gotten rid of British affiliated German chancellor Bismarck, British media started attacking him viciously.
It’s reported that Wilhelm had an especially troubled relationship with his uncle, King Edward VII of Britain.

In March 1905, Wilhelm made a spectacular visit to Morocco where he met with representatives of Sultan Adelaziz. The Kaiser declared that he supported the sovereignty of the Sultan, while Morocco was under French control. The Sultan subsequently rejected a set of French-proposed governmental reforms, which sparked the Moroccan Crisis.
Kaiser Wilhelm II was again attacked in various media (including in Germany).

In the years 1906-09, Wilhelm’s popularity got more blows by (stories on) homosexual revelations, trials and suicides, involving ministers, and Wilhelm's closest friend and advisor, Prince Philipp zu Eulenberg, which forced Wilhelm to remove Zu Eulenberg from his inner circle.
During WW I, Wilhelm II was THE target of British anti-German propaganda.

In 1909, Kaiser Wilhelm II with Winston Churchill (KG in 1953), planning war manoeuvres.
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Wilhelm was was deeply shocked by the assassination of his friend Archduke Franz Ferndinand of Austria on 28 June 1914. Wilhelm sanctioned the use of force by and guaranteed military support to Austria against the perceived guilty party — Serbia.
On 30 July, Wilhelm wrote a commentary:
For I no longer have any doubt that England, Russia and France have agreed among themselves—knowing that our treaty obligations compel us to support Austria—to use the Austro-Serb conflict as a pretext for waging a war of annihilation against us ...
Our dilemma over keeping faith with the old and honourable Emperor has been exploited to create a situation which gives England the excuse she has been seeking to annihilate us with a spurious appearance of justice on the pretext that she is helping France and maintaining the well-known Balance of Power in Europe, i.e., playing off all European States for her own benefit against us.
Wilhelm II´s Knighthood from the Order of the Garter was annulled in 1915.
After Germany's defeat in 1918, Wilhelm was forced to abdicate in November 1918, and fled to exile in the Netherlands, where he died in 1941.

During his last year at Doorn, Wilhelm believed that Germany was the land of Christ, and that England was the land of liberalism, Satan, the Anti-Christ and the English ruling classes were "Freemasons thoroughly infected by Juda".
Wilhelm II argued that Freemasons and Jews had caused both world wars, aiming at a world Jewish empire with British and American gold, and that the end result would be a “US of Europe”; in 1940 he wrote to his sister Princess Margaret:
The hand of God is creating a new world & working miracles...
We are becoming the U.S. of Europe under German leadership, a united European Continent.
The Jews [are] being thrust out of their nefarious positions in all countries, whom they have driven to hostility for centuries.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_I ... an_Emperor


Firestarter wrote: Tue Jun 11, 2019 5:07 pmIn May 1885, Rosebery visited his good friend Count Herbert Bismarck, who introduced him to his father, chancellor Bismarck (British agent), with whom he discussed on the Egyptian loan, the Afghan frontier, Turkey, and the African colonies, all of which were causing friction between Great Britain and Germany.
Otto von Bismarck, of a noble family was PM of Prussia from 1862 to 1890 and German Chancellor from 1871 to 1890. In 1890 Kaiser Wilhelm II made an end to this domination of German politics.

In 1861, Prince Wilhelm I became King of Prussia when his brother King Frederick Wilhelm IV's died. He chose Von Bismarck as PM of Prussia.
In 1862, Von Bismarck had visited England; Napoleon III (KG in 1855) in France; and again in Britain, Prime Minister Palmerston (KG in 1856); Foreign Secretary Earl Russell (KG in 1862) who had already been PM and woull again be PM; and Benjamin Disraeli (KG in 1878), who became Prime Minister in the 1870s.
See the Garter Stall-plate of John Russell, Earl of Bedford.
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Even though Von Bismarck maintain an alliance with Russia and Napoleon III’s France, he wrote in his Memoirs that he "had no doubt that a Franco-German war must take place before the construction of a united Germany could be realised".
After France declared war, German states fought on Prussia's side to beat the French. Napoleon III was taken prisoner; he later died in exile in England in 1873.
Between 1873 and 1877, Von Bismarck together with his masters in Great Britain engaged in a policy of isolating France, by manipulating the internal affairs of France’s neighbors, while maintaining relations with other nations in Europe.

Von Bismarck worked against the power of the pope and bishops over German Catholics and the Catholic Centre Party (organised in 1870).
In 1872, the Jesuits were expelled from Germany.
In 1873, anti-Catholic laws allowed the Prussian government to control the education of the Roman Catholic clergy.
In 1878, Bismarck instituted Anti-Socialist Laws, while at the same time coming with a Socialist program to make the Socialists less popular.

In 1873 Von Bismarck formed the League of the Three Emperors (Dreikaiserbund), between Wilhelm I, Tsar Alexander II of Russia, and Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria-Hungary, which collapsed in 1887. Then Von Bismarck negotiated the Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary (against Russia).
He also negotiated the "Mediterranean Agreement" with Austria-Hungary, Italy and Britain.

Wilhelm II opposed Bismarck's foreign policy for his English masters, and preferred to serve Germany’s interests: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Bismarck


According to William Engdahl, Germany at the end of the 19th century was considered a threat to British world domination.
Firestarter wrote: Sun Nov 11, 2018 6:29 pmIn 1889, a group of German industrialists and bankers, led by Deutsche Bank, secured a concession from the Ottoman government to build a railway through Anatolia from the capitol, Constantinople. In 1899, the Ottoman government agreed that the German group could continue with the next stage of the Berlin–Baghdad railway project.
Germany was also becoming a close ally of France, but then the Dreyfus affair was staged to sabotage the relationship between Germany and France.

For information on the Dreyfus affair: viewtopic.php?f=31&t=1415

For Britain this was a huge threat to their world dominance. It would also cut Russia off from her western friends, Great Britain and France. It is not surprising to find enormous unrest and wars throughout the Balkans in the decade before 1914, including the Turkish War, the Bulgarian War and continuous unrest in the region.

For information on how the mass murdering “Young Turks” freemasons destroyed the Ottoman Empire: viewtopic.php?f=7&t=1107


One of the Kaiser Wilhelm II’s friends was Friedrich Alfred Krupp, owner of the steel and weapons business.
In 1890, Krupp developed nickel-steel, which was hard enough to allow a thin battleship to have armor, and a new cannon that could use Alfred Nobel’s gunpowder.
In 1892, Krupp acquired the Gruson Company to become Krupp-Panzer, manufacturer of armor plating. In 1893, Krupp constructed Rudolf Diesel’s new engine.
In 1896, Krupp bought Germaniawerft, which became Germany’s main warship maker, including the first German U-Boat in 1906.

On 15 November 1902, the Marxist magazine Vorwärts claimed that Friedrich Alfred Krupp was homosexual and had a number of sexual affairs with young men and underage boys in Capri, Italy. Krupp sued the journal and tried to use his friends in high places, including Emperor Wilhelm II, and had editions of Vorwärts seized.

On 22 November 1902, the day he would meet his friend, Kaiser Wilhelm II, Krupp was found dead in his home. The circumstances of his death remain secret.
Most stories claim that he committed suicide...

In a speech at Krupp's burial, Kaiser Wilhelm II attacked Social Democratic politicians, who – according to him - had lied about Krupp’s sexual preferences: http://www.glbtqarchive.com/ssh/krupp_fa_S.pdf
(archived here: http://web.archive.org/web/201903291207 ... p_fa_S.pdf)


And in 1909, the British Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6) was founded mainly to counter the German “threat”. This was of course followed by the “Young Turks” coup of the Ottoman Empire, WW I and the Bolshevik revolution that destroyed Russia...

Re: The Order of the Garter in the Napoleon era

Posted: Mon Jul 01, 2019 4:49 pm
by Firestarter
I couldn’t find anything better on the secret backers of Napoleon than “The bestial British intelligence of Shelburne and Bentham of the Lyndon LaRouche network...

In the second half of the 18th century, the Lord Shelburne (William Petty, who had become a Knight of the Garter in 1782) faction became more and more dominant in Britain. Shelburne was on good terms with Benjamin Franklin and David Hume.
In June 1780, Lord Shelburne, through the East India Company and its allied Baring Bank, funded a Jacobin mob to violently protest against Irish reforms. By the time the burning had stopped, prime minister Lord George North was forced to resign, so Shelburne could becom foreign secretary for the Northern District (including the North American colonies).
Shelburne had previously preferred to control British imperialism from behind the scenes as chairman of the three-man "Secret Committee " of the opium trafficking East India Company.

In October 1776, the 28-year-old English barrister Jeremy Bentham wrote contemptuopsly of the American Declaration of Independence, and in 1780 Bentham continued in this vain. This brought him to the attention of the new British Foreign Office and British Foreign Intelligence Service, controlled by Lord Shelburne. Lord Shelburne even installed Bentham in an apartment at his Bowood estate.
Later Bentham works were more widely circulated throughout Latin America with the help of the American Aaron Burr; Gen. Francisco de Miranda (born in Venezuela, a paid agent of the East India Company in the Jacobin Terror in France); and Simon Bolivar.

In a strange move, Shelburne's associate Lord Gordon moved to the Batavian Republic (that later became the Kingdom of the Netherlands with the help of Napoleon Bonaparte), where he converted to Jewish cabbalism, renaming himself Israel Bar Abraham.
Then he moved to Paris as an occult adviser to Marie Antoinette to participate in Shelburne's intrigues against the French Bourbons.

The Jacobin Terror in Paris during 1791-93 was a grander replay of the June 1780 Gordon Riots orechestrated by Shelburne and Bentham.
The bloody massacre of France 's scientists elite in the French guillotines was guided by British strings.

Jacques Necker (born in Geneva) was installed as finance minister through the intrigues of Shelburne's French ally Philippe Duke of Orleans. Necker's daughter, Madame de Stael, would run one of Shelburne's most important Parisian salons.
Shelburne created a “radical writers´ shop” at Bowood staffed by Bentham, the Genevan Etienne Dumont, and the English Samuel Romilly to write the propaganda for the “French revolution”. Speeches were prepared by Bentham and then translated to be orated by leaders of the Jacobin Terror, Jean-Paul Marat, Georges Jacques Danton, and Maximilien de Robespierre.
Records show that these leading Jacobins were paid by the East India Company.

Bentham's personal secretary, Bowring, would later serve as KG Lord Palmerston's handler of the notorious Giuseppe Mazzini, and would instigate the Second Opium War against China as emissary in Canton.
David Urquhart, one of the younger Benthamites, would later become the handler for British agent Karl Marx: https://larouchepub.com/eiw/public/1994 ... igence.pdf
(archived here: http://web.archive.org/web/201807271558 ... igence.pdf)

Firestarter wrote: Wed May 22, 2019 4:50 pmIn 1803, Napoleon sold territory to US President Thomas Jefferson in a deal known as the Louisiana Purchase. Napoleon used the 3 million dollars to wage war in Europe.
Lord Shelburne was regularly in contact with Thomas Jefferson, when he was US Ambassador to France. In 1785, Jefferson was introduced to Francois d’Ivernois, a manager of Shelburne’s Swiss agents that was close to Shelburne’s son Lord Wycombe. In 1788, Lord Shelburne’s private secretary introduced Jefferson to Dugald Stewart. Jefferson was in regular contact with Stewart, a leading teacher on British imperial economics.

Thomas Jefferson wrote about the French Revolution, 14 February 1815:
[The] foreigner gained time to anarchize by gold the government he could not overthrow by arms, to crush in their own councils the genuine republicans, by the fraternal embraces of exaggerated and hired pretenders, and to turn the machine of jacobinism from the change, to the destruction, of order.

British ministers are playing the same game for disorganization here which they played in [France]. the Marats, the Dantons & Robespierres of Massachusetts are in the same pay, under the same orders, and making the same efforts to anarchize us, as their prototypes in France were.

Jean Louis Giraud Soulavie described the role of covert agents from Geneva, whom Britain paid to destroy the French government:
Mr. Pitt afterwards thought it no disgrace to Great Britain to arm the [French] royalists to destroy. Why then did he think it degrading to take a few political steps for the preservation of the Monarch?
...
Mr. Pitt might in a moment have destroyed all the revolutionary and preparatory measures of [these Genevese]; he might have annihilated the insurrections of the mob of the suburbs, planned, executed, and paid by Clavière; he could have rendered null all the attempts and violence of Marat.

[It] was the interest of England to reduce your country to a state that it should no longer dare to accuse the English of regicide... that a few adventurers, nurtured in the conspiracies of Geneva... were employed.
The older brother of Prime Minister William Pitt, John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham became a Knight of the Garter in 1790; Anton Chaitkin – American Prometheus: https://www.antonchaitkin.com/chapter-5
(archived here: http://archive.is/dbTzv)

Anton Chaitkin – Treason in America

Posted: Thu Jul 04, 2019 5:12 pm
by Firestarter
Firestarter wrote: Mon Jul 01, 2019 4:49 pmThe older brother of Prime Minister William Pitt, John Pitt, 2nd Earl of Chatham became a Knight of the Garter in 1790; Anton Chaitkin – American Prometheus: https://www.antonchaitkin.com/chapter-5
Chaitkin is another writer associated with Lyndon LaRouche.
I’ve read a book by him, that’s filled with good information, but unfortunately was too ambitious – maybe there’s just too much information or maybe just a finishing touch is missing...

The comeback to power of the elite kernel centered in Venice was established with the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople, in 1453. Venetians and Romans had supplied Muhammed the Conqueror with artillery and gunners. Four thousand mercenaries, hired to defend the city, opened the city's gates by night.
The established Ottoman Empire was modeled upon the ancient Persian, Roman, and Byzantine empires.
At the same time, Venice (Italy) made its clients, the Von Habsburgs, into rulers of the Austro-Hungarian “Holy Roman” empire. The Von Habsburgs feature prominently in the list of (stranger) Knights of the Garter.
Through the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires, the Venetians controlled the Middle East, and most of Eastern Europe, including the emerging Russian Empire.

With the death of King Ferdinand of Spain in the 16th century, the rule of Venice and the Von Habsburgs was uncontested throughout Europe (and the New World) except by France and the Tudor Dynasty of England.
The Cecil family were prominent in the plot to get rid of the Tudors. The downfall of the Tudors began with Henry VIII's Reformation. When the Cecil´s Stuart candidate became King James I of England (who had become a Knight of the Garter in 1590) in 1603 (who was the first King of Scotland and England), he gave his foreign financial backers a monopoly over the collection of taxes and public debt of Britain.
See James I of England (a.k.a. James VI of Scotland).
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There have been (at least) 13 Cecils that were Knights in the Order of the Garter.
William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley - 1572
Thomas Cecil, 2nd Baron Burghley – 1601
Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury – 1606
William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Salisbury – 1624
William Cecil, 2nd Earl of Exeter – 1630

James Cecil, 3rd Earl of Salisbury – 1680
James Cecil, 1st Marquess of Salisbury – 1793
Brownlow Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Exeter – 1827
James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury – 1842
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury – 1878

James Gascoyne-Cecil, 4th Marquess of Salisbury – 1917
William Cecil, 5th Marquess of Exeter – 1937
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount Cranborne – 1946

The Venetian-Genoese Levant Company took over the commerce of Britain. This foreign monopoly from the 1660 Restoration of the Stuarts onward, was through the British East lndia Company, the Dutch VOC and NHM in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and the Baring Brothers bank; and is continued to this day in the Bank of England.

The Venetian nobility used white slaves captured from European countries in their galleys, shops, and colonies. They also sold Christian children as slaves to Muslim chieftains.
In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, Venice and Genoa began the practice of trafficking in African slaves. Venetian financiers took control over the economies of England and Holland (including the slave trade).

France had to be destroyed, and Spanish America must be captured before being lost to the USA. The campaign was directed by Knight of the Garter Earl of Shelburne (William Petty). The eyes, finance and arms were provided by the British East India Company and the Baring Bank.
Their elite army of spies and assassins was primarily based in Geneva (Switzerland).

In 1815, the “independent” United States was considered a threat to the European nobility of Britain and Vienna (Austria). To counter the threat a "popular uprising" was staged orchestrated by British intelligence, which posed "Southern" interests against the North. The American defeat came almost entirely from South Carolina, which was armed and trained for the war against the USA.
Some of most important British-Swiss secret intelligence agents were Vice-President Aaron Burr (1756-1836) and Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin (1761-1849).

Aaron Burr's maternal grandparents were Jonathan Edwards, and Sarah Pierrepont, whose family intermarried with the (J.P.) Morgans, who later owned The New York Times.
James Prevost and 2 brothers had left Geneva in the 1750s to enter the British service. The Prevost family in Geneva were hereditary members of the ruling Council of 200.
Burr married Ms. Prevost, who introduced him to the writings of Jeremy Bentham and Voltaire.

Gallatin’s cousin Jacques Necker was battling the Colbertist tradition in France by demanding that budget cutbacks, not industrial growth, be the central aim of government.

Tapping Reeve established the first law school in America, with Burr as his first student. Reeve married Burr's sister Sally.
Aaron Burr began a law career in New York City and got the reputation of an exceptionally clever lawyer. Burr was also the lawyer for the European Holland Land Company, managed by Swiss adventurer Theophile Cazenove, and partly owned by Albert Gallatin. The Holland Company bought 1.5 million acres in western New York and another 3.5 million acres in Pennsylvania. In this period, Aaron Burr, British intelligence and military, would control almost all the borders lands between Canada and New York.
The British governor of Nova Scotia was Sir George Prevost (Burr’s nephew by marriage), who later became Governor General of Canada.
When Burr visited Britain, he was shown around by his Mallet-Prevost relatives. Jeremy Bentham gave Burr the use of his London house and servants. Burr also got acquinted with the Scottish nobility, which under the leadership of Shelburne and Henry Dundas (Thomas Dundas had become a Knight of the Garter in 1872), had been flooding Asia with opium. Henry Dundas was Minister of War from 1794 to 1801, and Lord of the Admiralty in 1804, 1805.

Thomas Jefferson and James Madison were delighted by Gallatin's growing power, while Burr fixed New York elections in their favour.
In 1801, Henry DeSaussure brought Loring Andrews, from Boston to South Carolina to publish the Charleston Courier, through which "radical democrat" presidents Jefferson and Madison were supported through “adverse publicity”.
The following year, James Workman published a plan for the armed seizure of Spanish territories in the Western Hemisphere; written at the proposal for British War Minister Henry Dundas.
Workman came to South Carolina to guide Aaron Burr to seize Mexico and the western United States.

Henry AIexander DeSaussure became Grand Master of the Masons of South Carolina as the crisis exploded in 1832 and 1833.
DeSaussures were "intimates" of infamous Knight of the Garter Lord Palmerston (Britain's Foreign Minister in 1830, and Prime Minister of Britain from 1859 to 1865).

In 1840, British Foreign Minister Palmerston's new envoy to China, Charles ElIiot, arrived in Canton. The Chinese government was trying again to stop the import of opium.
Britain put a stop to this foolishness and had China repay Britain for the burned opium and the war costs Britain had to make to conquer China. Five Chinese ports had to allow unrestricted British trade, while British merchants were exempted from Chinese Iaws and Britain was given the island Hong Kong.
The Boston Brahmins in China, with Franklin D. Roosevelt's grandfather Warren Delano as their consul in Canton, were happy to see their British opium partners invade and burn Chinese cities.

Gerrit Smith donated at least 8 million dollar to causes, including the schemes of Giuseppe Mazzini in Europe and America and the activities of abolitionists William Lloyd Garrison and John Brown.
The Young America movement first public activities started in 1845.
Young America intriguer George Sanders hosted the ltalian Giuseppe Mazzini, terrorist assassin Felice Orsini, ltaly's Giuseppe Garibaldi, Louis Kossuth of Hungary, Arnold Ruge of Germany, A.A. Ledru-Rollin of France, Alexander Herzen of Russia and U.S. AmbassadorJames Buchanan.

The civil war that had not fully started in/after 1815, began in eamest in 1861, the script only slightly altered.

Richard Cobden negotiated a treaty with French Knight of the Garter, Emperor Napoleon III in 1860 which lowered tariffs between England and France. As part of the deal, the French were given a free hand in Indochina, and in 1863 France and Britain joined forces to invade Mexico.
After Richard Cobden died in 1865; Louis Mallet organised the Cobden Club in honour of this "apostle of free trade”.
In 1880, Theodore Roosevelt became a member of the British Cobden Club.

Knights of the Garters Earl Grey and Alfred Milner were political aIlies since the 1880s.
See Milner (in plain clothes, with the moustache) with his associates, including Lord Roberts, during the Boer war in South Africa.
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Anton Chaitkin – Treason in America from Aaron Burr to Averell Harriman, 27.7 MB (1985): http://lust-for-life.org/Lust-For-Life/ ... _670pp.pdf
(archived here: http://web.archive.org/web/201907021435 ... _670pp.pdf)

Karl Marx – British agent

Posted: Sat Jul 06, 2019 3:43 pm
by Firestarter
Firestarter wrote: Mon Jul 01, 2019 4:49 pm
Firestarter wrote: Wed May 22, 2019 4:50 pmIn 1803, Napoleon sold territory to US President Thomas Jefferson in a deal known as the Louisiana Purchase. Napoleon used the 3 million dollars to wage war in Europe.
Lord Shelburne was regularly in contact with Thomas Jefferson, when he was US Ambassador to France. In 1785, Jefferson was introduced to Francois d’Ivernois, a manager of Shelburne’s Swiss agents that was close to Shelburne’s son Lord Wycombe. In 1788, Lord Shelburne’s private secretary introduced Jefferson to Dugald Stewart. Jefferson was in regular contact with Stewart, a leading teacher on British imperial economics.
It was none other than the opium dealing British Barings Bank (now part of the Dutch ING Bank) that financed the Louisiana purchase through issuing US government bonds in London and Amsterdam: https://www.thevintagenews.com/2017/10/ ... -the-sale/
(archived here: http://archive.is/YWIHh)

See the orginal treaty of the Lousiana purchase.
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On 5 May 1818, Karl Heinrich Marx (Chaim Hirschel Mordechai) was born in the Kingdom of Prussia, of the Ashkenazi “Jewish” parents Hirschel Mordechai and Henriette Pressburg.
Hirschel Mordechai´s ancestors included rabbis to Trier since 1723, the last one his grandfather.
In 1813, Marx's father (Mordechai) joined the Freemason Lodge L'Ètoile anséatique.

Marx's maternal grandmother was Nanette Salomon-Cohen. Nanette Cohen was the daughter of wealthy Amsterdam diamond dealer Salomon Barent Cohen, brother of the filthy rich financier Levy Barent Cohen in England.
Levy Barent Cohen´s children (Nanette´s cousins) intermarried with the leading Jewish families in England. Hannah married Nathan Mayer Rothschild, Judith married Moses Montefiore, Jessy married Meyer Davidson (also close to Rothschild) and his other children married into the Goldsmith, Samuel and Lucas families.

Hannah Cohen-Rothschild bore Lionel Nathan Rothschild (MP for the City of London in 1847-1874), Marx’s third cousin.
The Rothschilds at the time handled large sums of money for the British crown, Amschel Mayer Rothschild financed Bismarck and supplied Prussia with intelligence data.

His father (Mordechai) introduced Marx to Baron Ludwig von Westphalen, who had connections to the elite of Great Britain and Scotland.
Ludwig’s daughter, Jenny, became the wife of Karl Marx.
Marx later dedicated his doctoral thesis to Ludwig von Westphalen.

In 1751, Ludwig’s father, Philipp von Westphalen, had become secretary of the Prussian Lieutenant General and Freemason Ferdinand von Braunschweig, brother-in-law of the Prussian King and Freemason Friedrich II. Friedrich II´s grandfather King Friedrich had become a Knight of the Garter in 1690, and his grandson, Friedrich Wilhelm III, became a Knight of the Garter in 1814.
Philip von Westphalen also got a nice knighthood from British King George III. Philip married a noblewoman with Scottish ancestors.

Ferdinand von Braunschweig was also a member of the Illuminati, that included Landgrave Karl von Hessen-Kassel. The Hessen-Kassel family was closely related to the British Royals, and counts at least 2 Knights of the Garter (Friedrich II, KG in 1741 and Wilhelm IX KG in 1786).
See a portrait of Friedrich II von Hessen-Kassel, with the Garter emblem.
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Karl Marx got his first real job as unofficial editor-in-chief at the Rheinische Zeitung for an impressive 600 Taler per year.
The Rheinische Zeitung was controlled opposition watched by the Prussian authorities. Oppenheim from the famous banking family, linked to Rothschild, was on its board.
In one of those strange coincidences, in 1818 Oppenheim and Bankhaus Mendelssohn from Berlin commissioned the French war compensations for Prussia.

Marx and Friedrich Engels moved from city to city in Germany. In 1849, Marx settled in London.
Because he was a big spender “needing” luxury and expensive balls, even though he had made a lot of money, he had to ask his friends like Engels for more money.
Engels made contact with British entrepreneur Robert Owen, who gave lectures to the US Congress, and whose factory became a “model business”; visited by politicians, Tsar Nicholas I, and Austrian princes Johann and Maximilian.

Marx took over the “First International” and ran it completely into the ground.
For some reason, Marx hushed up the monetary policy of the Bank of England that caused financial crises. Marx and Engels even wanted to implement a centralist monetary policy.

Karl Marx died in London on 14 March 1883: http://eng.recentr.com/2018/08/karl-mar ... -the-left/
(archived here: http://web.archive.org/web/201903180416 ... -the-left/)


See some excerpts from an interesting article by Lyndon H. LaRouche, Jr. on Socialism, Marxism and left wing politics (if I understand correctly LaRouche was more of a leftish politician than “right”)...
Adam Smith disciple Karl Marx was, after all, essentially an ideological creation of that British Foreign Office which Lord Palmerston had inherited from his patron Jeremy Bentham
(...)
Karl Marx himself entered British service under the patronage of a branch of Lord Palmerston’s operations run by Palmerston’s Giuseppe Mazzini, the Mazzini who, on one celebrated occasion, publicly displayed his asset, the same Karl Marx who had, on an earlier occasion, denounced their proprietor, Lord Palmerston, as a Russian spy
(..)
the worst fascists which I recognize as of kindred sort, are concentrated, within the United Kingdom, in Fabian elements found among leading figures of the presently governing Labour Party
(...)
The point to be made on this account, is that assigning political pigeon-holes such as “right” and “left” was always a tricky business, or worse, even at its relatively best. To ridicule the silly way in which some people today speak of political ideologies, I am, philosophically, a hardened adherent of the work of Gottfried Leibniz and Bernhard Riemann, but also, similarly, an adherent of the legacy of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt; I have been that, consciously and consistently, since nearly seventy-four years ago; yet it is no contradiction that I have also been among the best qualified internationally in the assessment of Karl Marx’s work as an economist, and have been associated, occasionally, with nominally Marxist ventures.
(...)
On that point: in point of fact, most of the new breed of professed “leftists” since 1968, have belonged to anarchoid formations spawned by violence-prone, existentialist brain-washing projects such as the Congress for Cultural Freedom, including such projects as the U.S. Weatherman cult, or the German hordes of extremely violent, leftish fascists, virtual warriors against nuclear technology of the 1970s and1980s. The beliefs of such poor creatures are usually what has been dropped into the basket of bric-a-brac they carried, often as fascists-in-fact. Like animals, these poor fools can and must be labeled, although, like the nasty beasts which their behavior tends to mimic, they rarely have a sensible notion of what the labels which they have attached to them -- like proudly borne dog collars -- actually signify.
(...)
Since the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy, the trend has been definitely down. The downward trend has been not only in the U.S.A. and Europe, but, in net effect, global. Since Spring 1968, a cultural trend has set in, which has ensured that in continuation of trends which were set into motion by the rise of the “Baby Boomer” generation of the “68ers,” there has been no competence within the majority of our political-cultural establishment, for effecting the needed reversal of cancerously self-feeding downward trends in society’s general ability to select behaviors which would enable society to survive.
(...)
The science of physical economy, as I express this in my own work, is the relevant expression of that needed principle, in the present world crisis, the present threat of doomsday, now. The names for that evil, are legion; they include “environmentalism” and “free trade,” which represent a set of beliefs specific to a society which has willfully abandoned the moral fitness to survive, and which, at this moment, is hovering near the precipice of extinction for precisely such crimes as those.
http://web.archive.org/web/201904012037 ... chard.html


In the following book, Sutton shows that Morgan banking executives played an important role in illegally financing the Communist “revolution” (that got the Tsar and his family lynched).
Leading businessmen, true champions for the “free” market, were secretly financing Communism.
Wall Street helped to free the Marxist “revolutionary” Leon Trotsky.
Major corporations were already trying to reach the Russian market 15 years before the US recognized the Soviet regime.

Antony C. Sutton – Wall Street & The Bolshevik Revolution (1974): http://www.voltairenet.org/IMG/pdf/Sutt ... tion-3.pdf

Order of the Garter and the Round Table

Posted: Sat Jul 13, 2019 4:04 pm
by Firestarter
I´ve made posts in other threads with Knights of the Garter involved in:
The Round Table (a.k.a. Milner’s Kindergarten).
Young Turks coup of the Ottoman Empire, Armenian genocide.
The Bolshevik revolution of Russia.
The First and Second World Wars.

Firestarter wrote: Sat Jun 29, 2019 4:40 pmLeo Stennett Amery was affiliated with some of the most notorious British imperialists, notably: Alfred Milner (Viscount Milner, Knight of the Garter in 1921) Rhodes’ mentor; and enemy of the American republic Cecil John Rhodes.
Milner, who ran Rhodes’ secret society, was central to the secret cabal. This elite group included:
The Venetian Cecil family;
Several banking institutions, including Lazard Frères;
The British royal family.

(...)

A 1917 entry in Beatrice Webb’s diary describes Milner’s plans for WW II:
There is a vivid movement, guided by Milner and served by Amery, to prepare for another war, to complete the ruin of Germany and the domination of the British Empire. This gang of Power worshippers are running down the Russian revolution and minimising the entry of the U.S.A as one of the belligerents.
They are bent on maintaining a ruling caste of a ruling race: they fear and despise democracy. Any aspirations towards self-government among British subjects, who do not already possess it, is sedition to be put down by machine guns and plentiful hangings.

On the evening in 1918 that the Balfour Declaration was passed, devised by Milner and Amery, John Henry Patterson was having dinner with other luminaries at Weizmann´s home.
Patterson and Amery later created the Jewish Legion, for which Jabotinsky was the organiser and spokesman.
In 1925, Jabotinsky broke from the World Zionist Organization to create Revisionist Zionism that supported Hitler and Mussolini. Patterson kept supporting Jabotinsky.

(...)

Amery was in frequent communication with and advised MI5 agent Benito Mussolini.
Amery also met Hitler’s chief economic adviser, Montagu Norman’s good friend, Minister Hjalmar Schacht, several times. Schacht told Amery’s friend and collaborator, Lord Lothian, that the British wouldn’t allow Germany back her colonies
Lord Lothian also met Hitler, even as late as May 1937.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt planned to dismantle the British Empire after the end of WW II.
Amery’s response is shown in a 26 August 1942 letter to Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, Fifth Marques of Salisbury (who became a Knight of the Garter in 1947), Secretary of State for the British Colonies:
After all, smashing Hitler is only a means to the essential end of preserving the British Empire and all it stands for in the World.
(...)
It will be no consolation to suggest that Hitler should be replaced by Stalin, Chiang Kai-Shek or even an American President if we cease to exercise our power and influence in the world. What I think is needed to-day more than anything else is a vigorous reaffirmation of our faith in our destiny as an Empire ..., regarding the war merely as a step in that process.
President Roosevelt suddenly died on 12 April 1945...
Firestarter wrote: Fri Jul 12, 2019 4:07 pm In the late 1890s, the Rhodes Scholarship was founded by Cecil Rhodes and Alfred Milner (KG). Rhodes was motivated to do this by Astley Cooper (an ally of Stead) and Thomas Beare.

Since 1891, secret meetings in all British dominions of its senior members were presided over by: Rhodes, Milner, the Earl of Selborne (William Palmer, KG 1909), Patrick Duncan, Jan Smuts, Lord Lothian and Lord Brand.

(...)

Milner met "initiates" Lord Rosebery (Archibald Primrose, KG 1892), George Parkin and Lord Esher.
Milner renewed his acquaintance with Sidney and Beatrice Webb, founders of the Fabian Society. Alfred Milner also joined 2 “dining clubs”, devoted to imperial unity and tariff reform: the "Coefficients" and the "Compatriots".

(...)

Other important families in this group:
Salisbury - Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (KG 1878). The Cecil family features handsomely in the Order of the Garet, including Robert Arthur James Gascoyne-Cecil, 5th Marquess of Salisbury (KG 1947).
William Cavendish-Bentinck , the Duke of Devonshire (KG 1916).

(...)

That Lord Lothian had a substantial influence over PM Lloyd George is confirmed by that in January 1919, Lothian got Lloyd George to pressure Lord Robert Cecil - Britain’s representative at the League of Nations negotiations - to make changes to the League Covenant. In 1937, Robert Cecil (son of Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, KG) got the Nobel Prize for his service to Britsh imperialism.
viewtopic.php?f=7&t=1340&start=50

Firestarter wrote: Tue Jul 09, 2019 3:37 pmLord Bertrand Russell was a grandson of John Russell, 1st Earl Russell (1792-1878), who became a Knight of the Garter in 1862, was prime minister when Victoria was Queen of Britain and intimate with the notorious, longtime head of the Foreign Office, Lord Palmerston (also a KG).
Since the 17th century, the Russell family is one of the principal Whig dynasties in England and counts at least 10 Knights of the Garter.
John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford, KG in 1539
Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford, KG in 1564
William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford, KG in 1672
Wriothesley Russell, 2nd Duke of Bedford, KG in 1702

John Russell, 4th Duke of Bedford, KG in 1749
John Russell, 6th Duke of Bedford, KG in 1830
Francis Russell, 7th Duke of Bedford, KG in 1847
Francis Charles Hastings Russell, 9th Duke of Bedford, KG in 1880
Herbrand Arthur “Bertrand” Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford, KG in 1902.

Bertrand Russell was the handler of H.G. Wells, who together with Aldous Huxley developed a blueprint for mass brainwashing strategies that included drugs (soma) and perpetual war.
Russell, Wells and Aldous Huxley were arguably the predecessors of Frank Buchman and Rev. Moon.

(...)

See Aldous Huxley at the centre of the top row and Bertrand Russell at the centre of the bottom row.
Image

The Coefficients met monthly at London’s St. Ermin’s Hotel from 1902 to 1908 as both a diners club and think-tank.
Members included: Lord Bertrand Russell; Lord Alfred Milner (KG, war Minister at the time); Viscount Edward Grey (Knight of the Garter in 1912); Lord Robert Cecil (cousin to Arthur Balfour); Halford Mackinder (head of the Fabian London School of Economics, founder of Geopolitics); Sidney and Beatrice Webb (Fabian socialists).
Another Milner ally was Leo Amery, who became intimate of Winston Churchill (another Knight of the Garter).
Sidney and Beatrice Webb would soon support MI5-agent Benito Mussolini.

In China, Frank Buchman and 2 friends made a list of the 15 most influential Christians in Beijing, placing Sun Yat Sen number 1. Buchman became close to Hsu Ch’ien, Vice Minister of Justice, and then acting Prime Minister. Hsu introduced Buchman to Sun.
In England, Buchman had the support of the elite, including the future short time King Edward VIII (Knight of the Garter in 1911), Sir Samuel Hoare, Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin (Knight of the Garter in 1937), the Marquess of Salisbury (the Cecil family), Earl of Clarendon, and the Earl of Cork and Orrery.
viewtopic.php?f=31&p=6003#p6003

Firestarter wrote: Sun Jul 07, 2019 5:08 pmThe Young Turks admitted that they based their revolution on the ideas of Pan-Turkism, devised by an advisor to the Sultan in the 1860s who was an agent of Britain's Lord Palmerston (Knight of the Garter).
The Young Turk operation was headed, from London, by Aubrey Herbert (grandson of one of Mazzini's controllers).
The Young Turks made no secret of their London ties. In 1909, the Ottoman Navy was put under the command of a British admiral; the British Royal Family's own banker, Ernst Cassel, established and managed the National Bank of Turkey; and British officials advised the Ministries of Finance Interior Ministry and Justice.

The actual founder of the Young Turk movement was Italian Freemason and grain trader Emmanuel Carasso, founder of the Italian Masonic lodge in Salonika, the Macedonia Risorta Lodge. Virtually all the Young Turk leaders were lodge members.
The forerunner of the Macedonia Risorta Lodge was founded by Emmanuel Carasso, a follower of Giuseppi Mazzini (another Palmerston revolutionary provocateur). Carasso with Parvus (Alexander Helphand) had a a lucrative business because he was in charge of all food supplies for the Ottoman Empire during World War I.
viewtopic.php?f=7&t=1107#p6001

Ingraham - Modern Anglo–Dutch Empire

Posted: Fri Jul 19, 2019 5:15 pm
by Firestarter
Lyndon LaRouche’s publications often speak about the Anglo–Dutch banking system. The following relatively short book, shows how our banking system evolved from Venice to Amsterdam to London.


Venice, until beginning 17th century
From the period of the first Crusade in 1099 until the founding of the Order of the Garter in 1348, Europe was dominated by the Venetian empire (now located in Italy). Venice with the Norman nobility of Europe, particularly from France and Angevin England, controlled Europe.

This allied nobility also controlled the Black Guelph (Welf) party of the northern Italian cities, allied with the Vatican.
In 1176, the Guelphs created the Lombard League, which came to include all the major cities of northern Italy (except Milan). These cities became the centers for the usurious Lombard banking system. The Lombard bankers became the de facto creditors and financial dictators of Europe.

The Lombard bankers first drove their victims into debt and then seized assets. For example, in 1325 the Peruzzi bank owned all the revenues of the Kingdom of Naples.
In Castile and England wool production was pledged as collateral for the Lombard loans. Naples and England were bankrupted, food production declined and by 1290 Europe began to depopulate (like we´re seeing these days...). Continent-wide famines struck in 1314-17, and again in 1328-9.
By the early 1400s, Lombard bankers were expelled from several countries: Arragon in 1401, England 1403, Flanders 1409, and France in 1410. The Venetian financial empire started to crumble.

In the midfifteenth century Venice was still the most powerful maritime nation in Europe, controlling Europe's slave and bullion trade. The Venetians created a new financial front to replace the now defunct Lombard bankers – the House of Fugger. Their agent Jacob Fugger was put in control of silver and copper mines in central Europe. From the vast wealth accumulated, Fugger created the most powerful banking house in Europe, and then bankrolled the Austrian Habsburgs (with many KG’s) to take control of the Holy Roman Empire.
In 1518, by a series of strategic marriages, the Habsburgs took control of Spain and the Fuggers became the bankers to the Spanish monarchy. After the Spanish bankruptcy of 1575, Genoa replaced the Fuggers as the financial controllers of the Spanish crown.

In 1461, Louis XI became King of France, allied with the Medici in Florence, and proceeded to build ports, roads, schools, printing houses, industry and infrastructure, which was based on Nicholas de Cusa's “Commonwealth” principle.
In 1485, Henry Tudor invaded England, overthrew the last of the Plantagenet kings, Richard III, and established Tudor rule. As King Henry VII, he adopted similar methods as Louis XI.
In France and England, food production, national income, and population all increased for the first time in more than a century. These initiatives were copied in the Iberian peninsula, Flanders, and elsewhere.

By the mid-16th century, Venice was threatened with the loss of her colonies and access to trade with the east, because of the Ottoman Turks. In 1573, Venice lost Cyprus and other colonies after a humiliating defeat by the Turks.
In the late 1570s, the Giovani (“youthful”) faction took over Venice emerged, by taking over the Senate.
In the 1590s, Paolo Sarpi became the intellectual leader of the Giovani faction, and his views determined the policies of Venice until his death in 1623. In this period, Venice was controlled from salons where the Giovani orchestrated their actions.

In 1587, the Giovanni founded the first “public” bank in Venice, the Banco della Piazza di Rialto (sometimes called the Bank of Venice).
In 1619, this was followed by a second bank, the Banco Giro.
These 2 banks were granted a monopoly by the Venetian government on issuing bank notes and bills of credit. These banks were really the beginnings of what today we call private central banking.
In 1620, Venice was still the most important European center for Bills of Exchange.
The Banco della Piazza di Rialto would later be imitated for the Bank of Amsterdam.

In 1638 the Venetian Grand Council, established the first state-owned gambling house (and bordello) in Europe, the Ridotto. At the Ridotto, aristocrats, prostitutes, pimps, usurers, degenerate gamblers, and foreign visitors rubbed shoulders, wearing masks to protect their identity. The Ridotto functioned as an ideal tool to corrupt and blackmail its guests.


From Venice to Amsterdam
In the 1520s, the Netherlands, which then included Belgium and Luxembourg, were under Spanish-Habsburg rule. In 1523, the first Protestant “heretic” was publicly burned and by the 1530s hundreds had been executed.
In 1567, the Duke of Alva arrived with 10,000 Spanish troops, to enforce the Inquisition and extract money that the Spanish Crown owed to its Fugger creditors. In years, Alva had more than 12,000 people executed. Alva also campaigns against cities like Mechlin, Zutphen and Haarlem in 1572 that were looted and burnt to the ground, with many people murdered, raped and tortured.

In 1576, the premier city of the Netherlands, Antwerp, was occupied, and over 8,000 civilians were slaughtered. In 1585, the Antwerp Bourse (stock exchange) was closed, followed by the " exodus" to the north provinces of the Netherlands, with most of the more than 19,000 merchants, bankers, and Bourse speculators settling in Amsterdam.
These emigrants included Jan de Wael, Jacob Poppin, and Isaac Le Maire, who would play a major role in founding the VOC (Dutch East India Company) in 1602.

In 1608, the Amsterdam Exchange (the New Bourse) and in 1609 the Amsterdamsche Wisselbank (Bank of Amsterdam) were founded. These financial institutions copied much of the Antwerp model.
The Wisselbank, like the Bank of Venice, was a privately owned public bank; with a monopoly on all exchange of specie, and trade in precious metals; a clearinghouse for bills of exchange; and owned the debt of the Dutch government.
It established the new "bank money" as the center of the city's securities trading.

The Bourse was a money market, a finance market, and a stock market.
This included trade in futures, options, margin loans, financial leverage, speculation in foreign securities, and derivatives (known as ductions).

By the second half of the 17th century, the Wisselbank had amassed an enormous financial power, which gave them the ability to expand the Empire and finance wars on a scale never seen before and made Amsterdam the financial centre of the world.
In the 1680s, when the Wisselbank ended the right of specie withdrawal, paper money was in effect. Since then, the Ango-Dutch bankers, have worked hard to make money the heart of the economy.
It is a system based on money, usury, and debt, where both the people and government, are controlled through the Central Bank’s power over money and debt.

In 1609, the Giovani-controlled Venetian Senate was the first government in Europe to recognise Dutch independence from Spain. In 1609, the Treaty of Antwerp was signed in which Spain recognised Dutch independence.
From 1610 to 1618, there was an undeclared war between Venice and Habsburg Spain, and Venice and the Netherlands began an unofficial military alliance. In the 1615-1617 war between Venice and Habsburg Austria, 5,000 Dutch mercenaries fought at the side of Venice, and 12 Dutch warships blockaded Spanish aid to Austria.
In 1613, arguably the most powerful man in Dutch government, founder of the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC, Dutch East India Company) Johan van Oldenbarneveldt, appointed Hugo de Groot (or Grotius) Pensionary of Holland, the second most powerful post in the government. Hugo de Groot was in correspondence with Sarpi for many years.

In 1618, Sarpi personally directed the signing of the Dutch-Venetian alliance, which included a mutual defense pack against the Habsburgs. In 1618, Van Oldenbarneveldt, wanted to extend the 12 year truce with Spain. Because the black nobility wanted war to erupt Europe-wide, Maurice of Nassau (KG in 1612) had Oldenbarneveldt arrested and executed, while De Groot was imprisoned.
In exile, De Groot would become an active member of the empiricist Mersenne Circle, which included Thomas Hobbes and members of the Cavendish family, and was connected to Sarpi's secretary Micanzio.

In 1621, Maurice of Nassau resumed the war against Spain. Venice financed the Dutch government at The Hague with more than 1 million ducats.
This was all part of the plan of a war between the Dutch, James I of England, and the German Protestant princes on the one side against Spain, the Holy Roman Emperor and the Papacy on the other. After the 1610 assassination of King Henry IV, the chaos could be used to rekindle the religious wars in France, so that Louis XI’s and Henry VII’s “commonwealths” could be eradicated.

The VOC was a private empire with the greatest maritime empire in the world, which had the right to wage war against nations, including their home country. The VOC dominated Asia trade for almost 2 centuries, it took until the late 18th century before the British East India Company surpassed is.
In 1605, the Dutch started their takeover of Indonesia, which would be looted for almost 350 years.
In 1621, the natives of the Island of Band refused to give the Dutch a nutmeg monopoly. In response, to protect “free trade”, the VOC Governor General Jan Pieterszoon had the population exterminated, and slaves were brought in to work the Dutch plantations.
In 1641, the Dutch established a monopoly on trade with Japan which lasted until 1853,
The VOC started pressing coins around 1650, both in the Netherlands and colonised parts of Asia.
Image

In 1606, the first known Dutch slave ships sailed.
In 1621, the Vereenigde Westindische Compagnie (VWC, Dutch West India Company) was founded, to take over the African slave trade from Spain and Portugal. This was achieved by 1650, when the Dutch had seized most of the Spanish and Portuguese slave fortresses in West Africa. By 1700, the percentage of slaves was: 52% Batavia; 42% Capetown; 53% Colombo; 66% Makassar.
The Dutch took slaves from East Africa, Madagascar, New Guinea, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Between 1450 and 1850, at least 20 million Africans were either taken or killed as a result of the slave trade.
Of the total amount of slaves taken from Africa between 1500 and 1850, 70% were shipped between 1700 and 1800. The record was set in 1768, when 110,000 people were taken from Africa to be sold as slaves.

In 1650, Stadthouder Willem II (KG in 1645) died without successors. This initiated a 21 year period of civilian rule. From 1653 to 1672, Johan de Witt served as the Grand Pensionary of Holland and effectively ran the Dutch government, with his brother Cornelis de Witt.
In 1672, the French armies of Louis XIV occupied large parts of the Netherlands, who put Willem III of Nassau (KG in 1653) into power, who had the brothers De Witt executed...

Venice was not only alligned with Dutch “stadthouder” (city holder) Maurice of Nassau but also with the Venetian Party in London, grouped around Robert Cecil (1st Earl of Salisbury – KG in 1606; there have been 13 KG Cecils), Francis Bacon, and the Cavendish family.
In 1598, Sir Edwin Sandys was living in Venice and allegedly co-wrote a book with Paolo Sarpi. Nine years after leaving Venice, Sandys became one of the founders of the London Virginia Company, chartered by King James I, for the purpose of establishing English colonies in North America. From 1618 to 1623, Sandys effectively ran the company.

Under the rule of Paolo Sarpi’s friend Edwin Sandys, the Virginia Company brought the first slaves into Jamestown in 1618, and held the first public slave auction in 1638. By 1715, 24% of Virginia’s population were slaves. Sandys was also active in the British East India Company and later became an MP for many years where he introduced bills in support of “free trade”.
According to W.E.B. Du Bois, between 1600 and 1800, about 12 million slaves were brought into the Americas, about 60% of all trans-Atlantic emigration.

Many young British aristocrats traveled to Venice to meet Sarpi, including future British Prime Minister Robert Cecil, another founder of the London Virginia Company William Cavendish, and the “philosopher” Thomas Hobbes. The Cavendish family were the closest personal allies of Sarpi in England.
In 1603, James I became King of Scotland. His first Privy Council included Edward Wotton and Robert Cecil, who were on intimate terms with Sarpi’s Giovani leadership in Venice.

Another Sarpi ally was Henry Wotton, who would serve 3 times as the British Ambassador to Venice from 1604 to 1624. Wotton played an important role in recruiting and organising the Venetian circle at Oxford University, which included Robert Cecil, Thomas Walsingham, John Donne, and James Florio.
In 1614, William Cavendish accompanied Thomas Hobbes on a trip to Venice where they met Sarpi and his group. Cavendish maintained a 13 year correspondence with Sarpi and his secretary Micanzio, and introduced Francis Bacon to Sarpi. Bacon would spread Sarpi's method of “empiricism” into England.


From Amsterdam to London
Algernon Sidney had a close relationship with Dutch leader Johann de Witt. Sidney came under the influence of the English Ambassador William Temple and John Locke's employer, Anthony Ashley Cooper (the Earl of Shaftesbury), who were orchestrating a Dutch coup in England.
In England, the group that was plotting to install the House of Orange on the English throne included: William Cavendish, Robert Spencer (2nd Earl of Sunderland, KG in 1687 installed by Charles II), Lord Orford (Edward Russell), and Bishop Compton.
William Cavendish, 1st Duke of Newcastle (1592 – 1676) became a Knight of the Garter in 1650. Since then at least 15 more members of the Cavendish family counts have become Knights of the Garter. Queen Elizabeth II counts the Cavendish family among her ancestors.

In 1666, Sidney – on the orders of Temple and Cooper - proposed to De Witt to launch an invasion of England to restore “Parliamentary rule”.
In 1678 a marriage was arranged between the Dutch Stadthouder Willem III of Orange and Mary, daughter of King James II, and the first in line of succession to the English throne. In 1679, Temple sent Algernon’s brother Henry back to the Netherlands to motivate the Dutch to invade; even offering the English crown to Willem III.
In 1682, Algernon Sidney was arrested for the “Rye House Plot” against King Charles II, and was executed along with several others.
In 1681, Henry Sidney became the English Ambassador to the Netherlands.

William Cavendish, First Duke of Devonshire (1640-1707), KG in 1689, was one of the “Immortal Seven” who signed the Letter of Invitation to Willem III of Orange in 1688, asking him to invade England:
If the circumstances stand so with your Highness that you believe you can get here time enough, in a condition to give assistances this year sufficient for a relief under these circumstances which have been now represented, we who subscribe this will not fail to attend your Highness upon your landing and to do all that lies in our power to prepare others to be in as much readiness as such an action is capable of...

In 1688, after Willem III landed in England, others rallied to the side of the Dutch, including John Churchill (Duke of Marlborough, KG in 1702), William Bentinck (Earl of Portland, KG in 1697) and Charles Montagu (Earl of Halifax, KG in 1714). Many of these Whig leaders were proteges of Anthony Ashley Cooper.
Dutch Stadthouder Willem III of Orange was crowned King William III of England and the Anglo-Dutch Empire was realised with the bloodiest penal code in Europe.

In 1690, John Locke’s Two Treatises on Government was published, to provide the “philosophy” for the transformation. The 2 banks of Venice and the Dutch VOC became the model for the Bank of England in 1694 and the VOC for “new” “British” East India Company in 1698.
While Amsterdam as a financial centre was already successful, in London the financial oligarchy became the de facto government. The Bank and East India Company were in private hands, and the third pillar of power, the Exchequer was effectively a fifth column of the oligarchy.
Even to this day, there is no British Constitution or a British “government” in any meaningful definition of that term.

William Paterson became the founder of the Bank of England. He had earlier been in Holland with Willem III, and was active in the Dutch invasion. The key government agent of the Bank of England was Charles Montagu, who had greeted Willem III at the dock when his invasion fleet landed. In 1697, the first of a series of Acts was passed by Parliament, with the end result being that the Bank had a total monopoly over banking in England.
In 1707, the Bank took over the national debt, which at £7 million was rising.
In 1742, Parliament gave the Bank of England the exlusive right to print money and for the next 80 years was the only jointstock bank allowed in England.

After 1690, and particularly after 1720, Dutch capital took over the English financial markets.
By the 1730s, 30% of East India Company (EIC) stock and 35% of Bank of England stock was in Dutch hands. Another 10% of these companies was held by Geneva-based Swiss investors.
By 1750, Dutch investors held 20% of the shares on the London Stock Exchange and 26% of England’s national debt.

In 1710, Jonathan Swift's faction, including Robert Harley, Henry St. John (Bolingbroke), Matthew Prior, and the Duke of Ormond, took control of the British government. In 1711, they founded the South Sea Company to challenge the Bank of England, and until 1713 £9.4 million of government debt were exchanged for South Sea stock, cutting the power of the Bank.
After Anne died in 1714, Harley and Prior were charged with treason and Bolingbroke and Ormond fled to France.
The "Act of Settlement" was used to make George I of Hanover the new British king. Within six months after his coronation, the Bank of England took over all government borrowing operations from the Exchequer, and by 1719 it controlled most government stocks. The manipulation of those stocks and loans to the government, were used to wage wars all over the globe.

Like the Dutch VOC, the East India Company had its own army, navy, to wage war, and take all the loot. In 1803, the EIC had a private army of about 260,000 — double the British Army.
In 1757, India - hundreds of millions of people - came under the rule of the EIC. India was its property.
With the defeat of the French in the Seven Years War in 1763, the EIC (also) took possession of the French colonies to establishe a worldwide private empire.
The East India Company coined its own money, see for example.
Image


Conclusion
Because the last chapters in the book, from Chapter 11, are dedicated to praising the American System of Economics, it looks like the main conclusion of the writer Ingraham, is that the (protectionist) American System of Economics can protect us from the the British (Empire) System of Free Trade.
My most important conclusion is that the current system of bilateral treaties, World Bank, IMF, WTO, UN and privately owned state debt is really the consequence of what was started in the 16th century (or even before in Venice) in the Netherlands and Britain: viewtopic.php?f=7&t=713&p=2671

Bertrand Russell in 1952 wrote:
At present the population of the world is increasing ... War so far has had no great effect on this increase...
I do not pretend that birth control is the only way in which population can be kept from increasing. There are others...
If a Black Death could be spread throughout the world once in every generation, survivors could procreate freely without making the world too full ... the state of affairs might be somewhat unpleasant, but what of it? Really high-minded people are indifferent to suffering, especially that of others.

From 1822 to 1838, the British-made Indian famines killed an estimated 29 million people.
The genocide against the people of Ireland was almost identical in method to that in India. In 1845, more than 75% of the Irish were tenant farmers, the equivalent of feudal serfs, owned by aristocratic Lords.
In 1846-1849, British officials exported from Ireland enough wheat, barley, oats, butter, pigs, and eggs to feed the entire population, while people were dying by the hundreds of thousands of starvation, causing more than 2 million Irish to die.
In 1844 the population of Ireland had been over 8 million. Today Ireland has an estimated population of 4.8 million...

By the 1830s, there were more than 10 million drug addicts in China; when in 1838 the Chinese government tried to wipe out the drug trade, the British responded by going to war.


Robert D. Ingraham - The Modern Anglo–Dutch Empire; its Origins, Evolution and anti-human Outlook (2008): http://wlym.com/archive/oakland/brutish ... Empire.pdf
(archived here: http://web.archive.org/web/201905170356 ... Empire.pdf)

Gay paedophile knights – Mountbatten and Ted Heath

Posted: Fri Aug 23, 2019 4:35 pm
by Firestarter
Recently the interesting book by Andrew Lownie, "The Mountbattens: their Lives & Loves", was published.

In August 1943, Lord Louis Mountbatten (who became a Knight of the Garter in 1946) was appointed Supreme Allied Commander of southeast Asia.
In 1944, the FBI interviewed Baroness Elizabeth de la Poer Beresford (Lady Decies), who said:
She states that in these circles Lord Louis Mountbatten and his wife are considered persons of extremely low morals.
She stated that Lord Louis Mountbatten was known to be a homosexual with a perversion for young boys.
According to Lady Decies, Mountbatten is unfit to direct any sort of military operations because of being a gay paedophile and that his wife Lady Mountbatten was “equally erratic”.
I couldn’t find the FBI files on which this is based...

Warden of Kincora Joseph Mains trafficked boys to Mountbatten´s Classiebawn Castle in Ireland. Two Kincora boys talked about being sexually abused by Mountbatten after Mains had sent them to him.
A third Kincora boy, Stephen Waring, died in November 1977 of a reported suicided a couple of months after he had been molested 4 times by Mountbatten at age 16.
Richard Kerr was sent on 2 trips to England with Steven Waring. Kerr has talked about what had happened to Waring.

Mountbatten’s chauffeur Ron Perks often drove him to the Red House gay brothel used by “senior naval officers” near Rabat in Malta.

One senior Garda officer told Village that he had heard disturbing rumours about Mountbatten’s sexual activities.
Another Garda intelligence source says that when he was living in India, Mountbatten had a 14-year-old boy to satisfy his sexual appetite: https://villagemagazine.ie/index.php/20 ... nths-late/
(archived here: http://archive.is/cMAJ6)


Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (1900 – 1979) was an uncle of Prince Philip and second cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth.
In June 1917, when the royal family stopped using their German names and adopted the more British-sounding "Windsor", Prince Louis of Battenberg changed his name to Louis Mountbatten.

Mountbatten was the last viceroy of India in 1947.
He was a mentor to his grand-nephew, Crown Prince Charles.

Anthony Daly, who was once a rent boy, told in an interview about Tom Driberg, who referred to him as “Mountbottom”:
Tom said Mountbatten had something of a fetish for uniforms — handsome young men in military uniforms (with high boots) and beautiful boys in school uniform.'

On 27 August 1979, Mountbatten was killed by a bomb on his boat, reportedly by the IRA: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/articl ... ssier.html


According Norman Nield, who worked for him as his chauffeur in 1942-43, Mountbatten used his power and position to abuse boys aged between 8 and 12. Lord Mountbatten asked him and Barbara Harris to bring two teenage girls with her to his home (but he didn´t have an appetite for the girls).
Harris spoke of the kinky antics of Mountbatten with boys dressed as girls.

There are also rumours of Mountbatten having an affair with his cousin Edward VIII, who was king of Britain for a couple of months in 1936.
See Edward and Mountbatten in a pool on the H.M.S. Renown during their 1920 Empire Tour.
Image

Mountbatten’s elder brother George was also a promiscuous bisexual who was married to another bisexual: Nadeja, Countess of Torby (a niece of Czar Nicholas II).
George Mountbatten owned a vast collection of pornography, including pictures of family orgies in which children were sexually abused, which involved bestiality: http://gayinfluence.blogspot.com/2011/0 ... atten.html
(archived here: http://archive.is/3SHJe)


Jimmy Savile has told that he was first introduced to the Royal Family through his friend Lord Mountbatten in 1966.
Former Prime Minister Edward “Ted” Heath (from 1970-74) was also a good friend of Savile. Ted Heath became a Knight of the Garter in 1992.


Jimmy Savile´s nephew Guy Marsden said he and 3 friends, aged between 13 to 16, were taken to flats across London where "horrific, unbelievable" abuse took place.
Guy Marsden said his friend was only 14 when he was sexually abused by Ted Heath at at a party in London during the 1970s: https://www.irishmirror.ie/news/world-n ... ir-6208663


Ted Heath was also a frequent visitor to the childrens care home Haute de la Garrene on Jersey.

Since the cops started investigating Sir Heath, more than 30 people have come forward with accusations of sexual abuse by Heath.
The police chief investigating found the claims that Sir Edward Heath was a paedophile “120 per cent” genuine. Wiltshire Chief Constable Mike Veale regards the allegations as “totally convincing”.
It contains disturbing stuff. Investigators have been shocked by what they have learned.

Links to a convicted brothel keeper known as Madame Ling-Ling are reported.
Labour peer Baroness Castle found out that Heath offered young boys trips on his yacht. One man said Sir Heath picked him up hitchhiking in Kent in the 1960s when he was only 12 and lured him to his Mayfair flat.

Labour MP Tom Watson also said he had received allegations about Sir Heath, dating from the 1960s to 1990s: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/articl ... chief.html
(archived here: http://archive.is/HSZMv)


Ted Heath was also a good friend of the cofounder of Bilderberg, Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands.
See Jimmy Savile sharing a laugh with his paedo buddy Heath at BBC rehearsals in 1980.
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See the rare video of Sir Edward Heath being invested as a new Knight of the Garter in 1992, including the Page placing the Garter on his leg.
https://youtu.be/I0--729X8sM


Here are King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands (grandson of Heath’s friend Bernhard) in Garter gear, with sovereign of the Garter Elizabeth and his wife Maxima, 17 June 2019.
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Here’s the whole gang of bloodsuckers at the Garter ceremony, King Felipe of Spain was also installed this year, he’s sitting directly right of Elizabeth. Philip is missing...
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Freemasonry, St. John, St. Nicholas

Posted: Fri Sep 20, 2019 4:38 pm
by Firestarter
I´ve read a book by Paul Nadon, who tries to convince us that freemasonry is innocent, but when you think about it, it shows that freemasonry isn’t innocent at all (and the information in the book isn´t really that “secret”)...
I’m not sure whether the presented “history” is more factual of “speculative”, but it gave me a better understanding of freemasonry (which doesn’t mean much as I´m nothing near an expert on freemasonry).

According to Nadon, freemasonry in many ways is in imitation of the builders of Rome – masons, carpenters, builders and architects. He explains that these “masons” were in a hierarchical, secretive organisation.

Nadon also argues that freemasonry was founded on the foundation of the Knights Templars, after they were dissolved in 1312 (Templar knights went to Scotland to become freemasons).
According to Nadon, the English “freemason” is derived from “frank-mason” (because supposedly the subjects in the Kingdom of the Franks were “free”).

Nadon argues that freemasonry has always been close to the Christian Catholic church, while contradicting himself because workers joined the “Brotherhood” so they could become independent from the church. This also seems to contradict the fact that Jews were/are freemasons.
Nadon argues that people joined the “Brotherhood” so they could become independent from the Royal families, including tax exemption, while contradicting himself that Royals were often freemasons themselves or appointed the (Grand)masters of the masonic lodges.
The Grandmaster rank was often hierarchical.

What makes it all less than innocent...
First going back to the Roman masons, the most important buildings were places of worship and for armies. They were involved in building strong buildings for protection and offensive weapons as well, like catapults.

Nadon writes that modern freemasonry is “speculative”, instead of “operative” when masons were (only) involved in building activities.
When you combine this with the assualt on science, this “speculative” way of thinkering has actually taken over evidence-based science to destroy (genuine) science.

Freemasonry from its foundation in the 14th century was built on legal procedures, which means that every high level freemason is basically (also) a lawyer.
Freemasons have the obligation to follow orders from their hierarchical leaders and to help, give charity to their fellow brothers.
When these freemasons become judges, attorneys, and politicians (lawmakers) it becomes apparent that our legal system can and will be used against us.

Paul Nadon – The secret history of freemasonry; Its origins and connection to the Knights Templar (1991): http://www.themasonictrowel.com/ebooks/ ... eb0215.pdf
(http://web.archive.org/web/201911261036 ... eb0215.pdf)


Paul Nadon has also written that the 2 Saint John’s were/are patron saints of freemasonry – St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist.
Current day freemasonry came primarily from northern England and Scotland where the Saints John were common among the Stonemason Guilds.

See the Masonic depiction of St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist.
Image

Some argue that freemasonry is descended from the Druids and other ancient Celtic priesthoods of the sun and isn’t really about God, but all about worshipping the Sun. This is supported by the fact that the feast days for St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist are 24 June and 27 December respectively (just after the the summer and winter solstices, also note that the December celebration is one day after Christmas).

St. John the Baptist, was supposedly a cousin to Jesus Christ, who predicted the coming of the Messiah.
St. John the Baptist’s day, has been celebrated yearly by the Grand Lodge of England since 1717.

St. John the Evangelist is even more important as he is one of the 4 supposed writers of the New Testament. His yearly feast was instated some time after 1717.
In his Epistles, St. John the Evangelist supposedly describes how the Word and the Light are inevitably linked to each other and to Truth and Love.

In another freemasonic picture, the Point represents an individual brother and the Circle the boundary line of his duty. This Circle is embordered by 2 perpendicular parallel lines, representing St. John the Baptist and St. John the Evangelist; upon the top rest the Holy Scriptures.
Image

The Saints John were also referred to in Templar records.
When the Templars were suppressed in 1307 many Knights Templar in England joined the Hospitallers: http://www.freemasons-freemasonry.com/ward.html
(http://archive.is/X0RNE)


Paul Nadon has also written that Saint Nicolas de Champs was a patron saint of carpenters even before the foundation of freemasonry.
I couldn´t find anything on this St. Nicolas...

I’ve earlier posted on Sinterklaas, Santa Claus, Saint Nicholas and its connection to the Norse God Odin (a.k.a. the German Wodan): viewtopic.php?f=23&t=745&p=5766#p5766

I´ve found more interesting information on Saint Nicholas de Myra...
Saint Nicholas de Myra was also the patron saint of sailors, merchants and... bankers!

The following fresco in the Santa Croce Basilica, Florence, shows that Saint Nicholas is the patron saint of bankers (that wonderful “charitable” institution). A man, wearing a green overcoat on top of a red coat, borrows money from a banker, in an orange coat.
As part of his promise to repay, he swears an oath on an image of Saint Nicholas (see the altarpiece of St. Nicholas in the background of the image on the right).
Image

The connection between Saint Nicholas and moneylenders is still visible in the international icon of pawnbroking: 3 gold balls (similar to balls hanging in the Christmas tree?) referring to St. Nicholas providing 3 poor girls with a dowry.
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The practice of the 3 gold balls hanging in front of the door of the money lenders was introduced by the Medici banking family of Florence, Italy, bankers for Charles Martel’s grandson Charlemagne. Schemes similar to modern-day pawnbroking, were advertised as donating money to the poor via low-interest loans.
In 1514, Pope Julius II declared Nikolaos of Myra patron saint of monetus pieatarius missions: http://jacozuijderduijn.wixsite.com/pas ... of-bankers

Palmerston Zoo

Posted: Mon Nov 11, 2019 5:48 pm
by Firestarter
The following is a good collection of essays from the Lyndon LaRouche network (?) with British Intelligence as the common thread. I have already posted some of these essays separately on this forum…

Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz and Jonathan Swift together fought against the “black Nobility” of the Order of the Garter. The Marlboroughs resorted to deceit, terror, and treachery to cut off political relations between Queen Anne and Sophie of Hanover. Swift succeeded in breaking Marlborough's gang’s domination of Queen Anne's cabinet. During 1710 and 1711, Swift drove the Marlboroughs and their cronies from office.
The Order of the Garter hurled Isaac Newton into the fray against Leibniz, lying that differential calculus was his invention while it had been figured out by Leibniz.
Leibniz himself died in 1716. Jonathan Swift fought on from Ireland, where he was made Dean of St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin by Queen Anne. He became the political leader of all Ireland during the 1720s, building a mass-based movement on the principles of man's God-given right to liberty.

Knight of the Garter William Petty, Earl of Shelburne and Marquis of Lansdowne, selected Jeremy Bentham, Adam Smith and Edward Gibbon as his stooges. These were the founders of British philosophical radicalism.
The reign of terror in the French Revolution was the work of agents and dupes of Shelburne among the Jacobins. At this time, British policy was in the hands of Shelburne's protégé, William Pitt the Younger (whose older brother was a Knight of the Garter).
The beneficiaries of the war brought on Europe by Napoleon, financed by state bonds using US president Jefferson sold by the British Baring Bank, and his defeat were the British.

Knight of the Garter Lord Palmerston's Three Stooges were Giuseppe Mazzini, Louis Napoléon Bonaparte, and David Urquhart.

In 1836, later emperor of France, Knight of the Garter Napoléon III started a failed coup of France and was exiled to America. Then Napoléon was educated at the new British Museum reading room and by Lord Palmerston. He was also in contact with Giuseppe Mazzini.
In 1848, Napoléon III was working as a special constable in Britain; to squash an expected Chartist revolution. He was then shipped to Paris, where he became President. In 1860, Napoléon III signed a “free trade” treaty with Britain.

British Foreign Minister Palmerston launched Zionism in 1840, when he wrote that the Jews wanted to “return” to Palestine and a month later British troops landed in Palestine.
In 1843, B'nai B'rith was started officially in New York, as a secret society "like Freemasonry" for Jews.

The founder of Zionism in its “modern” British-sponsored form is not Theodor Herzl, but a certain Moses Hess.
It was the same Hess, who converted Friedrich Engels to communism, and was ghost writer for parts of Marx's Ideology.

When John Wilkes Booth murdered President Lincoln at Ford's Theatre, his old friend Benjamin Peixotto was international president of the B'nai B'rith.
Only hours before he shot Lincoln, Booth met with his old friend, B'nai B'rith Washington chief Simon Wolf. Wolf was later a prime founder of the Anti-Defamation League (ADL).
Memphis B'nai B'rith leader Abraham Frankland was an intimate friend of Albert Pike. Frankland lists assorted gods passed down by tradition from ancient times, including "Four of the thirteen great Gods of Assyria" plus the god "Bel". Bel is another name for Baal, who was worshipped by the Babylonians as the supreme god.

“The Palmerston Zoo”; Solving the Paradox of Current World History: http://www.redmoonrising.com/Solving%20 ... istory.doc
(http://archive.is/kfFUw)

War against the Netherlands

Posted: Thu Nov 28, 2019 5:33 pm
by Firestarter
I’ve been looking into how the European Royals conspired to install the Orange-Nassau family into power of the Netherlands…
It’s really another example of war waged not between the commanders of the army, but really against the population.
While this was sold as a war between Catholics and Protestants, in reality the “Protestant” leaders were also cosy with the Papestry.

The supposed “Father of the Fatherland” of the Netherlands, the German Willem of Nassau-Dilenburg, Willem the Silent or Willem of Orange. Willem the Silent was a henchman for the Von Habsburgs of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire (starting with Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, KG in 1508).


Willem the Silent’s son, Stadthouder (city holder) of Holland Maurits of Orange-Nassau, who became a Knight of the Garter (KG) in 1612 didn’t marry, so – per definition – didn’t have any legitimate children.

Maurits was made into a Dutch “hero” by the invasions by the Spain ruled by King Philip II of Spain, KG in 1554, married to his first cousin Queen Mary of England, Lord of the Seventeen provinces of the Netherlands since 1555.

In 1584, Willem the Silent was assassinated by Balthasar Gérard, after Philip II had offered a reward of 25,000 crowns to kill him, calling him a "pest on the whole of Christianity and the enemy of the human race".

Upon Mary's death, the English throne went to Elizabeth I, while Philip II remained close to England. He even sent a proposal of marriage to Elizabeth.
Maurits continued to fight “against” Philip, with the aid of Queen Elizabeth of England.

The war came to an end in 1648, when the Orange-Nassaus were firmly established as the hereditary Stadthouders of the Dutch Republic, and recognised by the Spanish Crown as independent: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain


“Virgin Queen” Elizabeth I sent her “favourite” Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester (they were rumoured to have an affair), KG in 1559, to the Netherlands to help in “pacifying” the population the hard way.

See Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, ca. 1587.
Image

Dudley’s brother-in-law had been close to the Spanish nobles around King Philip II of Spain, then Queen Mary's husband (half-sister of Elizabeth).
Another chief adviser to Elizabeth I was William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, founder of the Cecil dynasty (Marquesses of Exeter and of Salisbury), KG in 1572.

When Dudley’s wife died, supposedly fallen of the stairs while alone in her house, it was widely suspected that Dudley had killed her so he could marry Elizabeth.
A marriage was arranged between Dudley and Queen Mary of Scotland, but Dudley refused!

Since 1565, Dudley had flirted with the first cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth I, Lettice Knollys, wife of Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of Essex. They were rumoured to have an affair.
In September 1576, Devereux died of dysentery after he returned to Ireland, supposedly caused by poison, on the orders of Dudley.
Dudley finally drew a line under his relationship with Douglas Sheffield, with whom he had a son, so he could secretly marry Lettice Knollys on 21 September 1578.
When Queen Elizabeth was finally told on this marriage, she supposedly was furious.

In the 1570s Dudley became a friend of Stadthouder Willem the Silent. In 1584, after Willem the Silent was murdered, in August 1585 he was sent to the Netherlands.
On 25 January 1586, Dudley was appointed Governor-General of the United Provinces of the Netherlands. On Queen Elizabeth’s "commandment", he was forced to resign and return to her in December 1586: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Du ... _Leicester


At the same time of the wars in the Netherlands, Philips II of Spain was also fighting “with” the “Catholic” King Henry IV of France, KG 1590, who was also in an alliance with the “Protestant” Maurits: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ma ... etherlands